Coordinated Disclosure Timeline

Summary

The ‘api_docs.yml’ GitHub workflow is vulnerable to arbitrary code execution and shell command injection.

Product

nonebot/nonebot2 GitHub repository

Tested Version

The latest changeset c9c615c to the date.

Details

Issue 1: Untrusted code is explicitly checked out and run on a Pull Request from a fork

pull_request_target was introduced to allow triggered workflows to comment on PRs, label them, assign people, etc.. In order to make it possible the triggered action runner has read/write token for the base repository and the access to secrets. In order to prevent untrusted code from execution it runs in a context of the base repository.

By explicitly checking out and running build script from a fork the untrusted code is running in an environment that is able to push to the base repository and to access secrets.

on:
  pull_request_target:
    types: [ opened, synchronize, reopened ]
jobs:
  build:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
        with:
          ref: ${{ github.event.pull_request.head.sha }}
          token: ${{ secrets.GH_TOKEN }}
...
      - name: Install Dependences
        run: |
          python -m pip install --upgrade pip
          pip install poetry
          poetry install
      - name: Build Doc
        run: poetry run sphinx-build -M markdown ./docs_build ./build

Impact

The vulnerability allows for unauthorized modification of the base repository and secrets exfiltration.

Issue 2: The forked branch name is used to format a shell command

The forked branch name is used to format a bash script.

      - run: |
...
          git push target HEAD:$

This vulnerability allows for arbitrary command injection into the bash script. For a Proof of Concept create a PR from branch named `echo${IFS}"abc"`.

Impact

The injection allows for exfiltration of secrets and the temporary GitHub repository authorization token to the attacker controlled server. Although the token is not valid after the workflow finishes, since the attacker controls the execution of the workflow he or she can delay it to give the malicious server time to modify the repository.

Credit

This issue was discovered and reported by GHSL team member @JarLob (Jaroslav Lobačevski).

Contact

You can contact the GHSL team at securitylab@github.com, please include a reference to GHSL-2020-244 in any communication regarding this issue.